The Divergent Association Task, a measure for creativity

Mon, 02 Feb 2026 12:14:00 -0500

The Divergent Association Task is a short, simple test introduced in 2021 claiming to measure creativity. Taking only a minute and a half, it asks participants to “generate 10 nouns that are as different from each other as possible in all meanings and uses of the words”.

Although the instructions say to “avoid specialized vocabulary (e.g., no technical terms)”, I imagine you might score higher if you’ve just finished cramming wordlists for the GRE. Researchers have used this test to compare human and AI creativity (though the use of GPT-4 in this article with a January 2026 publication date speaks to the incompatibility of AI research with traditional publication timelines).

Remember that a lot of numbers are fake

Thu, 29 Jan 2026 23:20:00 -0500

David Oks wrote an essay reminding us that in many countries, even the most basic statistic—the population—is often shockingly uncertain or even outright fabricated. It’s a good reminder that many of the numbers we rely on for international comparisons, like crime rates and economic indices, are similarly troubled by incompatible definitions, uneven measurement, and varying degrees of manipulation. Ask Google what the population of Afghanistan is, and it will happily show you an annual timeline of population since 1960, but the tidiness of the chart belies the murkiness of the estimate.

One of the drawbacks of easily accessible international datasets from organizations like the World Bank and Our World in Data is that they paper over the huge differences among the underlying source datasets. Ultimately, you end up with one number from each country and the implication that they are all pointing to a single construct. This makes it far too easy to draw confident comparisons between countries that simply aren’t measuring the same thing. Without being forced to assemble these datasets yourself, it’s difficult to appreciate how messy it is to measure “the same thing” across different places (or even to measure the same thing over time within one place).

When evaluating a statistical claim, it’s always worth asking where the numbers come from and how they were measured. It’s easy to take figures at face value, especially when they’re rarely presented with any explicit uncertainty, which may be large. This goes double for more esoteric constructs like freedom scores or corruption indices, which often show up in social media posts cheerleading (or doom-mongering) one country over another. I remember one slickly produced video uncritically comparing COVID-19 statistics between Australia and Niger on the basis that they have the same population (do they?). Niger is one of the poorest and youngest countries in the world, and differences in demographics and health infrastructure alone invalidate any straightforward comparison with a wealthy Western country.

Measurement on Big Muddy

The Divergent Association Task, a measure for creativity

Remember that a lot of numbers are fake